Russian Organized Crime
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Organized crime is seen by Gennadii Khokhriakov (5) as ranked second only after war in terms of the danger that it poses to society. Indeed, the Ninth United Nations Conference on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders affirmed that ôorganized crime poses a direct threat to national and international security and stability and represents a frontal attack on political and legislative authority" (in Khokhriakov, 5). In present day Russia, as was the case in the final 30 years of the Soviet Union, organized crime is directly linked to the criminalization of society and, most recently, to the economic woes that negatively impact upon the capacity of the Russian state to secure stability and produce economic growth (Shelley, 52-53). It is the purpose of this report to examine the current state of organized crime in Russia, tracing the history of this phenomenon and identifying the types of criminal activity and areas of business penetration achieved by the Russian Mafiya. The movement of Russian organized crime to the United States and other nations will be described. The focus of the report will be on the legal implications of prosecuting these criminals. A discussion of the Chechnya situation vis-a-vis mob activity will also be offered. In this report, organized crime will be understood as consisting of amorphous gangs that act autonomously or have loose ties to regional, national, or international networks (OÆNeal,
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vvy, willing and able to use sophisticated knowledge to develop and operate complicated fraud schemes associated with telecommunications, consumer credit, insurance, money laundering, and motor fuel taxes.
OÆNeal (5) also claimed that ROC groups have formed alliances with Colombia drug traffickers to import cocaine into Russia, trans-shipping through the United States. In the 1970s and 1980s, the crimes that new Soviet TmigrTs committed first appeared to be random acts. Over time, it has become apparent that there is a great deal of ôorganizationö underpinning the activity of many of these TmigrT criminal elements. OÆNeal (6) traces the success of these groups in the U.S. and Western Europe to the fact that ôRussian organized crime groups have a level of knowledge and experience in working the system that sets them in a criminal class by themselves.ö As they become more acculturated and learn more about business and government systems in the United States, the challenge that they present to local, state, and national law enforcement will undoubtedly grow. The next section of this report will examine the legal implications surrounding the arrest and prosecution of these criminals and the difficulties faced by law enforcemen
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Approximate Word count = 5889
Approximate Pages = 24 (250 words per page)
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