THE ROLE OF PSYCHIC INCOME IN JOB SATISFACTION AND JOB PERFORMANCE
Research has attempted to understand reasons why employees join a company and why they stay or leave. Findings have concluded that increased job satisfaction leads to increased job performance and factors related to job satisfaction have been determined. For example, leadership communication affects job satisfaction and performance (Johlke & Duhan, 2000). Studies have also shown that job security and organizational commitment are associated with job satisfaction and performance (Yousef, 1998; 2000). Other factors include job stress, job fairness, and job training, each linked to job satisfaction and performance (Janssen, 2001; Saks, 1996; Varca, 1999). Studies of effects of individual characteristics, as mediating variables, demonstrated that self-esteem levels, values, attitudes, moods, and gender all affected perceptions of job satisfaction and performance (Babin & Boles, 1998; Gardner & Pierce, 1998; George & Jones, 1997).
Currently, OÆConnell (2001) pointed out that American workers seek more than a paycheck from a job, and in fact they seek what is called psychic income. Sources of psychic income are listed by OÆConnell, such as stock options, or having available resources required to stay on top of latest technology. A study is needed to determine whether these sources do indeed lead to increased job satisfaction and job performance. This proposed, empirical study will examine the relationship between these factors.
A theoretical frame of reference will be used to explain the orientation of this study. The theoretical foundation for the current study is Abraham MaslowÆs hierarchy of needs which establishes an orientation for understanding the order in which individuals seek fulfillment. For example, once safety and security needs are met, employees strive for rewards, affiliation, growth, and work/life balance (OÆConnell, 2001).
OÆCo...