Gender Bias in College Sports

At issue in this report is a discussion of how, despite years of progress toward gender equality in athletics, women continue to encounter sexist discriminatory practices that impact on their participation in sports. The primary thrust of the report is on amateur or collegiate or sporting events where competition for limited resources between male and female sports is intense (Davis, 2002).

Gill (1986) asserts that both sport and exercise remain highly gendered contexts. This is particularly true with respect to team sports which are seen as the general if not exclusive purview of male athletes. Gill (1986) suggests that many false attributions regarding the characteristics of female athletes have become part of the conventional wisdom. Such women are considered to be more androgynous than feminine, to be oriented toward aggressive activities, and in some instances to be representative of lesbian sexual stereotypes. Gill (1986) beli

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instances, the Office for Civil Rights of the U.S. Department of Education, the agency which resolves complaints emanating alleged Title IX violations, can take up to four years to resolve a complaint. In determining whether or not a school is in violation of Title IX litigation is generally regarded as the last step. Division I colleges now dedicate approximately 38 percent of all athletic department operating budgets to women's sports - up from 23 percent in 1990. Some 17 NCAA institutions spent more than $10 million on women's sports in 2005, as compared to 82 institutions spending this amount on men's sports. These differentials clearly reveal a significant difference in the financing provided to women's and men's sports programming. Title IX has always been controversial. Suggs (2005) says the heart of the controversy involves its three-part test which is used to help colleges determine if they are offering enough opportunities to female athletes. Colleges pass the test if they have the same proportion of students and athletes who are female, if they have a history and continuing practice of expanding opportunities for women, or if they can prove that they are fully and effectively accommodating campus women's inter
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Approximate Word count = 1408
Approximate Pages = 6 (250 words per page)

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