Creatine Phosphokinase and Isoeletric Focusing

Creatine Phosphokinase (CPK) refers to an enzyme that is typically found in the brain, heart, and skeletal muscle. CPK is also referred to as creatine kinase. The CPK test was developed to determine how much CPK is currently in the blood and identify excess levels of CPK in the blood to diagnose disease states (Anderson, 2007; Barohn, 2007; General Practice Notebook, 2010; Health Grades, 2010; Medicine Online, 2002; Medline Plus, 2010).

This test is performed by drawing blood for the vein. A needle is inserted into the vein and the blood is collected. There is no special preparation for this test however certain drugs may increase the measurements of CPK, such as ampicillin, anesthetics, amphotericin B, aspirin, blood thinners, furosemide, alcohol, cocaine, clofibrate, and dexamethasone. When CPK levels are high this typically indicates that there has been a stress or injury to the brain, heart, or muscle tissue. Then this takes place, CPK is leaked into the bloodstream. The form of CPK found in excess indicates the tissue that is injured or damaged (Anderson, 2007; Barohn, 2007; General Practice Notebook, 2010; Health Grades, 2010; Medicine Online, 2002; Medline Plus, 2010).

CPK also referred to as CK enzymes have two sub-units referred to as B for the brain type or M for the muscle type. Three different isoenzymes include: CK-BB (CPK1), CK-MB (CPK2, and CK-MM (CPK3). These three sub-units are cytosolic CK isoforms and there are also two mit

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e significant elevations of CPK and CPK-MM nine hours after injury, CPK-BB reached maximum elevations by six hours, and CPK-MB did not reach maximum levels until 24 hours following injury. The elevations during the second 12 hours following injury were of more diagnostic significance. Conclusion In conclusion, CPK levels have the potential to identify serious conditions related to the muscles, brain, and heart. Thus it is important to have these levels checked if diseases states are indicated. More information is needed to fully understand early signs indicating the need for testing. Isoeletric Focusing(IEF) Introduction Isoelectric focusing (IEF) is also referred to as electrofocusing. IEF is a method used to separate molecules according to the differences in their electric charge. The proteins are separated according to their isoelectric point. Typically a gel is used to perform this technique. Filterpaper strips soaked in electrode solutions are used to stabilize the gradient (acid and base are used as anolyte and catholyte) (Folk, 2010). The gel works since each charge of a molecule changes with the pH in the surrounding medium. For example, if a protein is located in a surro

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