inequality, and she finds that women describe a morality of responsibility that indicates a way of analyzing situations and making moral choices. The differentiation she makes is between a morality of rights and a morality of responsibility.
Kant's position on the moral worth of actions has a similar tendency to Gilligan's in that the issue of responsibility to oneself and to others is embodied in the categorical imperative and in the view that one must choose a moral action on the basis that it could become a universal and be chosen by everyone. This also separates selfishness from responsibility and tends toward elevating responsibility in all moral choice. Gilligan points to those who are afraid to make a choice, and yet for both Gilligan and Kant, making a choice is a necessary action that has to be performed in a way that elevates the importance of moral choice and denies the role of simple selfishness.
3. Kant's vision of the kingdom of ends allows us to conceive of a whole made up of ends in systematic conjunction, and this is the kingdom of ends. Human beings can rationally consent to these laws because they are common laws and are made by human beings. Since our wills are subject to rational reason, they also are subject to these laws. In this way human beings bind themselves by laws which are universal because they are the same laws which bind everyone else or to which others bind themselves. This is why for kant the prescribing of laws that are good for oneself are identical with the action of everyone else in prescribing laws for themselves, and morality is seen as the relation of all action to the making of laws that allow a kingdom of ends to be possible.
For Gilligan, what makes a moral decision binding is that the individual must approach the decision in terms of responsibility and issues of care, choosing between alternatives of responsibility. What makes the moral decision binding is that it has be...