specific emphasis on the relationship between intimacy and loneliness. Since intimacy may be experienced with any manner of significant relationships (spouse, sibling, friend, child, other) and intimacy may or may not include both physical (sexual) and emotional components, this research study also investigates these factors.
A theoretical frame of reference is used to explain the orientation of this study. For this study, Erickson's stages of psychosocial development will be used to understand findings. For Erikson, integrity is the stage of psychosocial development for the elderly. Intimacy was to be developed as a young adult and this was to be followed by generativity. During the intimacy stage an individual develops the ability to relate to another human being on a deep and personal level. This requires a commitment to a relationship and without this ability the individual may retreat into isolation. Sexual relationships do not indicate intimacy since sexually intimacy can take place without commitment or openness with another. Following this stage, the individual must conquer generativity, which includes a concern for the establishment and guidance of the next generation, which is usually expressed through parenting. Following this the individual must develop a sense of integrity which means that they must learn to fully accept the self and come to terms with the death. This includes achieving satisfaction and acceptance with the self, without which the individual experiences despair. The lack of fulfillment of intimacy in early stages will result in future problems in this area and will interfere with generativity and integrity stages (Christiansen & Palkovitz, 1998).
The research questions are as follows:
1. Does a lack of perceived intimacy in the elderly result in loneliness?
2. Do elderly subjects report needing physical (sexual) or emotional affection to experience intimacy or both?
3. Wh...