descending and . . . others might respond to acts of courtesy by feeling patronized rather than grateful" (p. 1412). Harris' review of a number of studies leads her to believe that "conventional courteous behaviors are associated with traditional concepts of masculinity and femininity, including those that reflect an apparently greater competence and power on the part of men" (p. 1400). Because of this, Harris continues, the exercise of courtesy may actually be conditioned on two competing internal desires: 1) to help and show respect for the individual receiving the courtesy; and, 2) to indicate a degree of superiority on the part of the courteous person (p. 1400). Thus, it is no wonder that men, in particular, "are uncertain as to whether courteous actions would be perceived as indicating good manners or politically incorrect thought" (p. 1400).
Unfortunately, according to Leibovich (1993), the breakdown of the American family, neighborhoods, and church is leading to a more individualistic society. He quotes Columbia University professor Willard Gaylin, who believes that "We're looking at a society today where almost everybody feels powerless and disrespected" (p. 139). When such societal failings begin to infect a law enforcement agency, it is possible that fellow of
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