he labor markets.
Marshall (1920, p. 462) also held that what he termed an inconstancy of labor caused wages or earnings to rise. The example provided was that of a physician who must be paid a higher wage than is paid to most other workers when work is performed so that the physician can be retained over those periods when the buyer does not require the services of a physician. A mill hand, by contrast with a physician, enjoys a relative constancy of work and, thus, need not receive wages or earnings at the level paid to the physician. These examples are applicable in a situation wherein a single entity employs both physicians and a mill hand. The examples are less relevant, however, in the more typical situations wherein a physician is employed from time to time by a large number of different persons. In this latter scenario, variables other than the inconstancy of labor must be used to justify higher wages or earnings for physicians. Most mod
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