on people who wish to behave in some other way (Starr, 1982, 20-21).
Thus, class, status, power and the institution of the American Medical Association had propelled the independent physician to new heights in society.
There were several factors that continued to transform the role of the independent physician. These factors include the reconstitution of the hospital, the emergence and then disappearance of dispensaries, the establishment of a public health system for the poor, the boundaries of said system, the capturing of physicians by the corporation, the later escape of physicians from this setting; support from hospitals, drug manufacturers, and public health agencies, which later turned to opposition and concern about the growing costs of medical care; the stymying of corporate entry into the provision of healthcare; the control of the development of technology; and the division of labor. Moreover, with the advent of antibiotics, disease mastery, and growing power and control, physicians clearly became sovereign. Their sovereignty, ho
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