Ernest Hemingway
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Many literary critics consider Ernest Hemingway to be the greatest writer of the 20th century. Hemingway had a zest for life and adventure; he was also considered a genius at his craft. He won both the Pulitzer Prize and the Nobel Prize for literature. Hemingway entered the international scene during the early decades of the 20th century when his contemporaries, writers like William Faulkner, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Gertrude Stein, and Eugene O'Neill were improving American literature by leaps and bounds. And, while other writers like Tolstoy and T.E. Lawrence had also written from personal experience in combat in War and Peace and Seven Pillars of Wisdom (Meyers 336), Hemingway was the first American writer to combine chaotic battle scenes with observations of minute detail in a novel that was both autobiographical and historical and contained elements of topography and ethnology. Thus, Hemingway became famous for his contribution to American literature, not only for his short stories but also for his great novels like For Whom the Bell Tolls. According to J. Donald Adams in the New York Times Book Review, For Whom the Bell Tolls "is the best book Ernest Hemingway has written, the fullest, deepest, the truest . . . [and] will . . . be one of the major novels in American literature" (Mellow 521). Another critic claimed that the book was exactly what the author wanted it to be: a true book. That critic, Clifton Fadiman, also added that the book was written with one prej
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imed that Pablo's character was based on the gypsy bullfighter Rafael el Gallo (Mellow 518). Pablo has turned coward and left the leadership of the group to his mother or mujer, Pilar. Pilar has taken a young orphan named Maria (who was raped by the rebel soldiers who killed her parents) under her wing. Pablo has a love affair with Maria, much to the dismay of Hemingway's publishers, who thought at first that the sleeping bag sex scenes were too graphic and offensive. Hemingway, however, refused to "pretty up" his gypsy characters, and the offensive sex scenes were printed just as the author wrote them (Baker 351).
Hemingway uses an elaborate plot to develop the novel's strategy. The author created a number of plot points that increase the difficult of Pablo's mission and thus intensify the suspense surrounding the question of whether Pablo will succeed in helping to defeat the Loyalists. Pablo encounters every conceivable obstacle, ranging from Pilar's fatal prophecy to the hostility of men who are jealous of his relationship with Maria, to physical hindrances like snow and the presence of planes. Moreover, Pablo also deals with the difficulty of escaping once he has blown up the bridge, the loss of the detonators, the m
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Approximate Word count = 1741
Approximate Pages = 7 (250 words per page)
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