Ancient Art Dating Methods
1. Absolute dating meth
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1. Absolute dating methods are those that produce dates without reference to other indexes or chronologies. Two such absolute methods important to the study of human culture are radiocarbon dating and thermoluminescent dating. Relative methods are those such as dendrochronology which rely on other indexes or on a succession of dating events. Dendrochronology, for example, is the calculation of dates based on the growth rings in trees. But since there is no single super-tree that provides an absolute index the accumulation of successive dates (calibrated in accordance with literary evidence and general weather trends observed in other samples) produces a relative date for timbers used in Western Europe and the American Southwest up to 4,500 BC. Absolute dating methods often produce calendar dates by means of coordination with relative methods such as dendrochronology. Radiocarbon dating is based on the fact that C14 atoms are absorbed by living organisms and decay at a particular atomic rate from the moment of the death of the organism. Radiocarbon dating (which is constantly being refined on the basis of new information about the amount of C14 in the atmosphere and the atomic rate of decay for the particle) provides dates up to 40,000 years ago. The radiocarbon method is, however, far less accurate for objects from the last 2,000 years--and its dating is "absolute" only to the point of assigning dates within a century or so.
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eserved but the relaxed posture, the flowing sashes, and the almost conversational atmosphere of the piece are like nothing else in Egyptian art of any other era.
The radical difference is due to the changes brought about by Akhenaton in his attempt to replace the state religion with his version of monotheism. This abrupt change from, and return to, the dominant style of Egyptian art points up one of the principal reasons for the resistance to change which characterized Egyptian art for nearly 3,000 years. The representation of the kings was an intrinsic part of the establishment of their status as divine beings on whom the welfare of the nation was dependent. As divinities the pharaohs were inseparable from the state religion and art was equally inseparable from the pharaohs and ritual. Thus the changes wrought by Akhenaton meant that the prevailing (and long-lived) style of Egyptian art was no longer appropriate. Akhenaton proscribed the worship of the traditional gods and, for the most part, the representation of his god in art. But Akhenaton believed himself to be an incarnation of this god and his own divine status, while different from that of his predecessors, was still in need of promulgation. Thus in works such a
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Some common words found in the essay are:
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Approximate Word count = 10728
Approximate Pages = 43 (250 words per page)
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