Rousseau and the Barbizon School of Painting
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Théodore Rousseau was the leading light of the Barbizon school of painting in France in the mid-nineteenth century, a school that was a precursor in many ways to the Impressionists who would so dominate the art world later in the century and into the twentieth century. Rousseau, Camille Corot, and the other members of the Barbizon school developed the style known as paysage intime, which made use of subtle gradations of glowing tones. Rousseau (1812-1867) was the pioneer in plein air or open air landscape painting. His work had a consistently non-academic look and was therefore rejected again and again by the Salon, earning him the nickname of "le grand refusé." After 1836, Rousseau worked regularly in the Forest of Fontainebleau, where he specialized in wooded scenes, an example of which is "Wooded Stream." In 1848 he settled permanently in the village of Barbizon, and there he was a close friend of Millet and Diaz. He achieved his success in the 1850s, and his output was prolific. He is today well-represented in galleries in France and elsewhere. The Barbizon School consisted of the group of French painters who took their name from the small village on the outskirts of the Forest of Fontainebleau. The leader was Rousseau, and several of his followers settled in the region in the latter half of the 1840s, as did Rousseau. The other members of the group included Charles François Daubigny, Narcisse-Virgile Diaz, Jules Dupré, Charles-Emile Jacque, an
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ks were paintings made on the spot in an hour or two, beginning with those he produced while traveling in Italy. Corot offered a fidelity to nature that would be an important model for the Barbizon School, though Corot was not part of that movement. Rousseau and his followers were actually more inspired by Constable, whose work had been exhibited in Paris in 1824, so the Barbizon painters turned to the Northern Baroque landscape as an alternative to the Neoclassical tradition. Rousseau followed the lead of Jacob Van Ruisdael so that he learned how to imbue his encrusted forms and gnarled trees with a sense of inner life. However, Rousseau spent hours of solitary contemplation in the Forest of Fontainebleau, and this enabled him to penetrate the secrets of nature. His landscapes, such as "A Meadow Bordered by Trees" or "wooded Glen," are typical and are filled with a simple veneration reflecting the rallying cry of the French Romantics, sincerity. Rousseau and the Barbizon School advocated a return to nature as a way of fleeing the ills of industrialization and urbanization, two forces then in full sway. These painters had a conservative outlook, but the popular revolution of 1848 elevated them to a new prominence in French a
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Approximate Word count = 3202
Approximate Pages = 13 (250 words per page)
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