Ethical Structures with Religious Basis

Freedom is a vital topic for the Roman theorist Boethius. Boethius was a Platonist and derived elements from both Plato and Aristotle. He considered human nature a distinct entity and argued that Christ embodied both a divine nature and human nature. At the same time, human nature is included in divine nature, for all things which exist are also God, including every human being. He saw philosophy as a means of learning more about God and of coming to grips with one's relationship to the rest of creation. That relationship defines the human being and is couched in terms of one's relationship to God. Boethius also helped transmit the ideas of Aristotle in particular to later generations. Boethius was a Master of the Offices under the Italian king Theodoric in the sixth century. He was later accused of treason and imprisoned and tortured before being executed. Boethius was important in the history of philosophy because for centuries, Aristotle was known only through two translations by Boethius.

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th the Communists and the Fascists. He did not center human actions on a political entity such as the fatherland or on a sense of racial identity. Instead, he begins with the human-centered situation of life and rejects the view that defines human essence or being and then tries to determine the purpose and values of human existence from that identity. Sartre asserts that existence is prior to essence and that our condition is what defines human nature rather than the other way round. We do not live by preexisting values and meaning but instead have the responsibility of creating our own, and through the choices we make we determine values for all: Man is nothing else but what he makes of himself. Such is the first principle of existentialism. It is also what is called subjectivity, the name we are labeled with when charges are brought against us. . . existentialism's first move is to make every man aware of what he is and to make the full responsibility of his existence rest on him (Sartre 15-16). Sartre emphasizes the importance of individual action and also the necessity for each individual to shape himself through rational and deliberate choice. Sartre rejected the doctrine of determinism and finds instead that freed
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Approximate Word count = 2675
Approximate Pages = 11 (250 words per page)

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