The Reformation
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During the historical era known as the Reformation, new sects developed as reformers split off from the Catholic Church over issues of doctrine and issues of administration. Luther is credited with the development of Protestantism less from a desire to form a new religious movement than because of concerns over the way the Catholic Church was being administered, the corruptions that were being allowed, and similar matters. As divisions within the mother church developed, further divisions over doctrinal issues also developed, some over matters of form, some over issues of substance, and some over scriptural minutiae. Huldrich Zwingli (the first name is variously spelled) was a leader of one reform group in Switzerland who had differences with followers of Luther, and on the issue of baptism, they had further differences with a group headed by Konrad Grebel who would form the Anabaptists. The development of humanism in the Renaissance involved a shift in how people thought, and this occurred at the same time that the horizons of the West were expanding, be they geographical, mental, social, economic, or political: Whereas in earlier times, the life of the state was defined by inherited structures of power and law imposed by tradition or higher authority, now individual ability and deliberate political action and thought carried the most weight. The state itself was seen as something to be comprehended and manipulated by human will and intelligen
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531 (Leith 35).
ZWINGLI
Zwingli was born in 1484 at Wildhaus, the highest village in the Toggenburg Valley in Switzerland, then under the sovereignty of the Abbott of St. Gall. He was from a locally prominent family and received a good education. He entered the priesthood an took his first position at Glarus in 1506, where he devoted much of his leisure time to the study of Latin and Greek and to the writings of the humanists. He was particularly influenced by the writings of Pico della Mirandola and Erasmus (Grimm 183).
Zwingli in his writings and sermons attacked the evils of political and social abuses, particularly the giving of pensions and the sale of mercenaries. The majority of the population supported Zwingli's demands for reform:
Although the canton shortly afterward supplied the papacy with troops, despite the opposition of Zwingli, pensions and mercenary service were soon prevented by heavy penalties. Since he carried his reform program to other cantons, he aroused the opposition of many influential countrymen who were making huge profits by selling "blood for gold" (Grimm 184).
At the same time, Luther was gaining support in Switzerland for his attack upon indulgences and his break with Rome:
Among his m
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Approximate Word count = 2541
Approximate Pages = 10 (250 words per page)
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