Moral Code in the Qur'an

The Qur'anic code of social ethics sets forth spiritual guidelines regarding lawful and unlawful actions, and rewards for the virtuous and threats of punishment for the wicked. It also consists of religious observance obligations, such as prayer, fasting, and pilgrimage. The Qur'an is explicit in these principles because of the moral tension that exists in daily living: "[The Qur'an] is therefore deeply involved with the daily life of Muslim society. For this reason, in some way it had to reflect the problems of society directly and concretely" (Ayoub 18).

The Qur'an was revealed through the Prophet Muhammad, and much of the revelation resulted from specific personal or social problems that the Prophet encountered. Muhammad himself is considered to be the model of social conduct: "Muhammad's moral in

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h as certain foods: "This day (all) the good things are allowed to you, and the food of those who have been given the Book is lawful for you and your food is lawful for them" (Shah 49). Impurity, in the moral sense, is strictly condemned in the Qur'an. The godless, the sinner, and the wicked are considered impure. Regarding misconduct, a special treatment is reserved for the three crimes of idolatry, homicide and fornication, all of which are considered particularly detestable. On the one hand, emphasis is placed on the punishment that will occur to the sinner in this life and the next; on the other hand, the virtues of repentance are extolled. By converting these three evil deeds (idolatry, homicide and fornication) into good deeds, the sinner will be forgiven, and even transformed: "And they who do not call upon another god with Allah and do not slay the soul, which Allah has forbidden except in the requirements of justice, and (who) do not commit fornication; and he who does this shall find a requital of sin" (Shah 84). The Qur'an forbids usury, which is the increase or addition to money by means of interest. Therefore, creditors must renounce part of their claim which consists of usury. If they do not they will be
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