or itself can be understood (Zentall, 2002).
The foregoing issues are in the background of cognitive-behavior counseling because they provide a philosophical structure for understanding the content of cognitive-behavior counseling and how therapeutic interventions may be applied. They also help make sense of the evolution of cognitive-behavior counseling as a field of specialization.
Cognitive-behavioral counseling theory appears to have been derived from previous counseling and psychotherapeutic modalities. To the degree cognitive-behavioral theory might be considered integrative or eclectic, as developed by Beck (1988 & 2002), it appears to owe something to the longtime discourse of how the mind works and how mental processes get translated into human action. In Beck's formulation, subjective experience may be observed as pathological, and counselors should look at the interpersonal background of the individual. However, he advises counselors to not only deal with pathological behavior as such but also be attentive to str
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