that of the white European tradition. However, the viewpoint is complicated by the fact that that which is viewing and that which is being viewed are one and the same thing. Song is cleverly illustrating how the initially externally constructed image of the Orient can become the internalized image of the Orient by the "Orientals" themselves.
Frye argues that his two modes of understanding take place simultaneously in all reading (Frye 74). But verbal structures may be classified according to whether the final direction of meaning is outward or inward. In descriptive or assertive writing the final direction is outward. Here the verbal structure is intended to represent things external to it, and it is valued in terms of the accuracy with which it does represent them (Frye 74). On the other hand, the final direction of literary meaning is inward. He argues that outward meanings are secondary in literature because literary works do not pretend to describe or assert (Frye 74). Rather, for hi
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