those whom he considered as enemies of civilized human experience (in the Spanish Civil War in real life and in For Whom the Bell Tolls in fiction); and against the cosmos itself (in real life on safari and in fiction in, for example, The Snows of Kilimanjaro and the short story "The Old Man and the Sea"). Kilimanjaro, which has a dying writer as the main character, was in part Hemingway's attempt to write himself out of a depression because of scathing reviews of his work (Lynn 426-9).
Whether Hemingway's fictional reports of his real-life experiences made his heroes more heroic than he had actually been in real life--though he was
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