MANUFACTURING PROCESSES
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Manufacturing is the craft used to "make or process (a raw material) into a finished product, especially by means of a large-scale industrial operation." Webster's adds: manu-facturing can include "making of goods and articles by hand. . ." or by machinery, and large-scale manufacturing may include "division of labor." There are five basic manufacturing processes: 1) changing the shape of a raw material, 2) machining parts to a fixed set of measurements, 3) attaining a desired surface finish, 4) joining parts or materials, or 5) altering one or more materials' properties. Each classification divides into turning, rolling, hot or cold forming, or other operations to span sewing zippers into leather purses, stapling lath berry baskets, and mass-producing B-2 bombers.Manufacturing implies the making of metal products, but nonmetallic materials are also used in manufacture, such as plastics, ceramics, wood, and natural and synthetic fibers. Material Properties and Product Attributes Schwartz's ten-chapter book addresses nothing but joints between metal parts, and it devotes portions of each chapter on metal joinery to the materials to be joined and their properties. Manufacturing, then, flows from the materials being worked and the products to result; one does not buy a drill press and then resolve to make automobiles. Harris points out that more than two-thirds of the 110 (or so) elements found naturally or produced in
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l dimensional variations during production; have high hardness and strength; have low 'toughness' and ductility; have varying mechanical properties across or along the part; and have elongated grains after deformation. Hot-worked metals: usually have oxidized, discolored surfaces; do not have size tolerances as 'close' as cold-worked materials; generally are soft and of low strength; show low toughness and high ductility; have generally isotropic mechanical properties; and recrystallize to equi-axised grain sizes after being worked.
Material Removal Processes
Machining for metal removal has not changed, despite new inventions: "to use machine tools and cutting tools in combination to reduce a piece of material to some specified shape and dimensions in a[n] economical and practical manner while maintaining the quality and reliability requirements for functional application." Success, as usual, comes down to economy, a process of optimizing equipment cost, tool wear and breakage, waste material, and time (labor usage).
Begeman and Amstead diagram the longitudinal, tangential, and radial forces applied through a metal cutting tool to a workpiece, and they relate these to the formation and removal of metal "chips" -- the es
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Begeman Amstead, Processes Casting, Attributes Schwartz's, Operations Svenson, Materials Chapters, Manufacturing United, Ceramics Powder, Sheetmetal Six, Introduction Manufacturing, Assembly Processes, materials processes, dekker inc 1985, james robert shane, marcel dekker, inc 1985, dekker inc, 3d ed, york marcel, james robert, robert shane, york marcel dekker, marcel dekker inc, eds james robert, ed eds, begeman amstead,
Approximate Word count = 3615
Approximate Pages = 14 (250 words per page)
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