chemical analysis, and new surgical procedures that promised great medical strides. It followed that with the many reports of ESP, coupled with the newer fascination with the study of the mind and brain, scientists would delve into their own objective study of paranormal behavior (Hansel, 1966, pp. 1-6). During this early study, the most well known scientists of psychic phenomenon was the German, Hermann Ludwig von Helmholtz. Helmholtz himself expressed the predominant view of skepticism though, when he stated: "Neither the testimony of all the Fellows of the Royal Society, nor even the evidence of my own senses, would lead me to believe in the transmission of thought from one person to another independent of the recognized channels of sense" (Heywood, 1961, ,p. 11).
This dichotomy of skepticism versus belief has continued into the present, but even those who study psychic phenomenon with the belief that something is discoverable, are somewhat at ends to make their case. In the words of British psychologist, C.E.M. Hansel, who has been writing on the subject for over thirty years, "After a hundred years of research, not a single individual has been found who can demonstrate ESP to the satisfaction of independent investigation" (Myers, 1981, p. 18). It thus seems as if those who truly believe in the possibility of ESP, rather than the statistical correlation of coincidence, continue to be hard pressed to prove their facts scientifically. The past president of the Parapsychological Association, John Beloff, even admitted, "no experiment
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