Origins of an Organized Police Force
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Police forces of one sort or another have existed throughout the history of Western civilization. They have been utilized whenever a society has reached the point where there is a need for a professional agency which can maintain the public law and order. The origins of the contemporary organized police force can be dated to the establishment of the "New Police" in London, England in 1829. There were a number of factors which contributed to this development of this force. These included an increase in crime, the influence of political and philosophical writers, the influence of the Industrial Revolution, and Britain's own colonial practices. The "New Police" of England had a powerful impact on the development of the police in the United States, although the American approach has always differed in many respects from the pure English model. From the turn of the century through the 1930s, the American police force underwent a series of developments and reforms which paved the way for the modern police force as seen in the United States today. The idea of an organized police force has been deeply ingrained in the need for maintaining order in society; a need which has existed throughout the history of Western civilization. It can be seen that some sort of organized system of legal control is always necessary whenever a society reaches a particular point in its development. Thus, the need for police forces stems from the basic human need to form social grou
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this in England led to the later establishment of the Metropolitan Police Force in London in 1809. The effectiveness of the "New Police," as Robert Peel called them, became "a model of police that has had a great influence in the world since that time, not least in the United States" (Stead, The New Police, 1977, p. 74).
As in England, the residents of colonial America implemented various forms of local law enforcement long before there were any organized police forces as known today. However, because serious crimes, such as murder, were relatively rare during that period, few communities in colonial America were impelled "to make substantial changes in the traditional pattern of night watch and unsalaried police officers before the 1830's" (Richardson, 1974, p. 19). By the 1830's, urbanization in post-revolutionary America, had grown to such an extent that organized police forces were an absolute necessity for maintaining law and order. The founders of the United States of America realized that laws and methods for enforcing those laws would be needed in order for a truly free and democratic society to exist. The concept of professionalized police forces came to America with the understanding that "authority and laws are
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Approximate Word count = 2964
Approximate Pages = 12 (250 words per page)
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