the major regions of the world and makes special emphasis on the growing regions of the Middle East, Africa, and Asia. In earlier times, these parts of the world were treated less as individual entities and more as adjuncts to the West, when they were given any attention at all. Joseph Ward Swain, for instance, writes only minimally about these regions and gives most of his attention to the west, though the title of his book is The Harper History of Civilization. He gives only brief attention to the Imperial Dynasties beginning with the Ch'in dynasty. In the first volume of his book, he considers China up through the Sung Dynasty. In the second volume, very little attention is given to the Ming Dynasty. indeed, he mentions the Ming Dynasty only in terms of its being overthrown when he notes that the last of the dynasties, that of the Manchu, was established when the Ming Dynasty was overthrown by invaders from Manchuria. He treats the era of the Manchu Dynasty as an era of increasing contact with the West and of increasing imperialism on the part of the West.
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