ility" of that subculture, relative to the mainstream heterosexual culture; lesbians or gays who do not identify themselves as such are not especially targeted for services uniquely geared to their needs. Another aspect is the pattern of violence directed against the "visible" homosexual culture; published reports demonstrate an increase in the number and/or intensity of physical or verbal attacks on lesbian and gay students during the 1980s, which has varied directly with their increased visibility on campuses around the country (Berrill, 1990; Manegold & Phillips 1984; Scott 1988; Middleton & Roark 1981; Reynolds 1988; Hughes & Sandler 1989; Lee 1990).
Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, some universities sought, usually unsuccessfully, to deny official recognition or funding of gay and lesbian student groups as bona fide campus organizations (Berrill, 1990; King 1988). At some campuses, majoritarian student bodies advocated the defending or other decertification of such groups (Newton 1988). Georgetown University
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