land figures are provided as an example that is not untypical of the national district-by-district picture. What makes them relevant to this research is that they support opinions of social bias in a whole range of attributes of public-school systems. As a group, suburban schools are situated in economically privileged places, tend to have majority-white students, and are generally well funded, while urban schools are situated in economically disadvantaged, run-down inner cities, tend to have student populations comprising people of color, and are ill maintained, receiving significantly less funding than their suburban counterparts.
Even though it is a commonplace of American history of the 1950s and 1960s that the Supreme Court decision Brown v. Board of Education mandated the desegregation of public schools, and even though such measures as court-ordered busing of students and the creation of special-subject-emphasis magnet schools have been implemented to redress racial imbalance, there is still a visible racial divide between inner-city and suburban schools, with the former drastically less funded than the latter. Court-mandated school busing to achieve racial balance enables racial-minority stud
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