Howards End by E.M. Forster

In her development of the concept of poetic justice, by which she mainly means a theory of modern industrial society that is imbued with economic and political fairness and social justice, Nussbaum argues that social and economic experience that aims for equality in whole must give an account of features of society that, within the whole, may be foster particularistic, deviant, and/or unequal experiences of social goods. This leads her to assert (12) that the literary imagination may have something insightful and even important to say about the political, ethical, and moral content of a society supposedly predicated of reason, economics, and laws. She uses Dickens's novel Hard Times, which deals with appalling social inequities fostered by the Industrial Revolution, the rise of the bourgeoisie, and the great influence of Victorian rationalist utilitarianism to illustrate how fiction can foster criticism of the injustices of industrial society, in particular the maldistribution or highly variable access to public goods, based on a utilitari

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letariat. The bourgeois social group is made up of the Wilcoxes, who are initially portrayed as a happy family circle, with the paterfamilias Henry presiding smugly over a prosperous collection of up-and-coming grown children and a frail, sensitive wife. The bohemian social group, which could be referred to as the artistically sensitive, cultured group, comprises the orphaned Schlegel siblings, Margaret, Helen, and Tibby, and their aunt Mrs. Munt. The proletarian group is represented by Leonard and Jacky Bast--he the social inept who wants to improve himself, she who just wants to be taken care of. The encounters of each group with the other two make up the action of the novel. The first encounter between the Wilcoxes and Schlegels comes about when younger sister Helen, ever seeking aesthetic experience, impulsively announces her engagement to Paul Wilcox, having spent a brief vacation in the country at a house called Howards End. In fact, however, she has fallen in love not with Paul but with the whole Wilcox family, who "created new images of beauty in her responsive mind," despite the Wilcox males' socially and politically reactionary ideas. Her infatuation highlights the contrast between the bourgeois (Wilcox) and bohemian (
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Approximate Word count = 1833
Approximate Pages = 7 (250 words per page)

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