areas both because there are more of these services available and the fact that transportation to these services is more readily available. Those who live in strictly urban areas are relatively poorer and more prone to living in dangerous areas than those in suburban areas, however, services are more readily available in urban areas (p. 331).
In some rural areas, younger people have moved away to find schooling and jobs, while the elderly have remained, increasing the proportion of the elderly in those areas. However, social services and transportation are not as readily available and are usually much further away. Additionally, there is a much higher percentage of poverty and poor health in these areas. Despite this, there is evidence of increased connectedness emotional support in rural communities not necessarily found in metropolitan areas. While relocating an older person from a rural area to an urban would give them more opportunities to take advantage of social services, they would not have the same emotional support and network as they would in the rural area and would not adapt easily (p. 332).
2) Longitudinal studies have great advantages over cross-sectional studies because they allow for conjectures about age changes while eliminating cohort effects by studying the same people over time. There are, however, several drawbacks to using longitudinal studies. For example, when testing for intelligence over time, in a longitudinal study, the increase in scores could be due to familiarity with tests, unless the psychologist administering the test is able to provide parallel forms of the same tests (p. 33). Another problem could be the rate of attrition or dropout. Experimental studies administered repeatedly over time may experience a dropout rate due to death, illness, loss of interest, inability to get transportation to research site, or frustration with poor performance. In addition, while a research may still...