se of ethnic identity within each of the South Slav groups. Slovenes, Serbs, Croats, Montenegrins, and Macedonians sought to maintain separate characters and identities. Serbia's successful struggle to regain independence in the early nineteenth century stimulated the other groups to strive for independence (Nyrop, 1981, 3).
The different Slav-speaking national groups underwent different historical experiences, and while at various points in their history they have been conscious of common interests, at other times they have emphasized their differences. It has usually ben a common external danger that brought them together, and in periods when the external danger is absent, their historically rooted cultural differences take hold. The Yugoslav movement developed during the nineteenth century with two main strands. The first affected the lands north of the Sava-Danub
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