COGNITIVE PROCESSES
This is an excerpt from the paper...
Studies regarding attention demonstrate that subjects shadow, or repeat, a message from the attended channel or ear. This phenomenon has been studied with dichotic listening; messages are played in both ears with only one attended to or shadowed. Findings are inconsistent, some show that subjects hear very little from the unattended message, others show that they hear different amounts or types of material. Words that have personal importance or meaning were found to be noticed. It appears that ignoring or blocking is an active mechanism that contributes to this selective listening process. Triesman attempted to demonstrate that there are contextual cues involved in selective listening and that subjects will hear the unattended message without knowing it, in certain (contextual) circumstances.Triesman hypothesized that probability or expectancy based on transition probabilities between words would override the dichotic localization cues. Words made highly probable instead of important would be attended to without realizing it and would be allowed through the selective attention filter, coming from the rejected ear. Results of the study confirmed that contextual cues were not sufficient to cause subjects to change permanently to the unattended to channel; subjects remained virtually completely unaware of the content of the rejected passage. However, one or two highly probable words were allowed through from the rejected channe
. . .
ant information is ignored. Scripts represent knowledge of well practiced events or common sequences of actions in everyday life. Grocery shopping is an example of a situation about which one could expect to have knowledge in the form of a script.
Studies of people's knowledge of common events, concludes that the actions in scripts are linked together as sets in memory; therefore if some set actions are assessed, the others are too. Bower, Black, and Turner (1979) provide evidence for this conclusion. A group of 30 people were asked to list typical actions for events such as going to a restaurant; many actions were referred to by more than half of the subjects. Whether subjects were asked about or read an appropriate story regarding what typically happens, script actions were evoked together. Smith, Adams, and Scharr (1978) found that items in the same script are linked so that they are accessed together; increasing numbers of unrelated actions to memorize slowed recognition time, but increasing numbers of script actions to remember did not slow down recognition of items, in subjects.
Scripts are structured sets of actions; subjects remember stories with actions shifted closer to sequence places when asked to remember stor
. . .
Some common words found in the essay are:
Set Studies, Rosch Mervis, Adams Scharr, C/III Set, MOP Scripts, Schank Abelson, Question-B/11 Set, Black Turner, family resemblance, semantic categories, selective filter, cue validity, highly probable, set 2, subjects hear, subjects read, attended channel, transition probabilities, superordinate semantic categories, transition probabilities attended, abbott et al, offers limited information, probabilities attended channel,
Approximate Word count = 2085
Approximate Pages = 8 (250 words per page)
More Essays on COGNITIVE PROCESSES
|
Customer Service
to Over
32,000 Professionally Written Papers!!!
