ese contesting ideologies, the matter of gender differences was rarely studied. Rather, as researchers began to note in the 1950s, their predecessors' studies were based on stereotyped notions of certain aspects of gender differences as a given. More critically defective in terms of scientific methodology, the early 20th Century researchers generally accepted the Victorian, Euro-centric model of the "ideal" family as the standard. The cultural egotism of this orientation failed to note that said model was only a blip - a recent, temporal one at that - on the panorama screen of history and world culture. Perhaps the only excuse for this "blind spot" is that the Victorian model accepted as the standard continues to hold reign in the popular conception of marriage within, at least, the United States today. As Jessie Bernard, Professor Emerita of Sociology at Pennsylvania State University notes: "Marriage itself has not yet caught up with our thinking about it." In terms of post-World War II research methodology, Dr. Bernard also warns of a new "model" bec
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