Heroin Addiction Treatment
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Reports in American newspapers in April 1994 warned of the possibility of a new heroin epidemic in the United States. This warning follows relatively closely warnings from the nation's medical community that governmental policy is hobbling the ability of health professionals to effectively deal with heroin addicts already present in American society (Dole, 1992, pp. 22342235). Conflict surrounds the treatment for heroin addiction because of the relapse rate of heroin addicts receiving such treatment, and because recidivism in behaviors associated with heroin addiction (Glass, 1993, pp. 19951996).Relapse prevention, thus, should be the key goal of any treatment for heroin addiction (Chang, Carroll, Behr, and Kosten, 1992, pp. 327330). Unfortunately, relapse prevention frequently is not the primary goal of treatment programs for heroin addition (Glass, 1993, pp. 19951996). In the United States, a process approach as opposed to an outcome approach to the treatment of heroin addiction often dictates that social and political dictums assume precedence over medical outcomes as objectives in treatment programs for heroin addiction (Dole, 1992, pp. 22342235). As an example, methadone maintenance has been confirmed by research as the most effective treatment for heroin addiction within the context of relapse prevention (Glass, 1993, pp. 19951996). Methadone maintenance as a treatment for heroin addiction in the United St
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ed pupils, increased blood pressure, increased heart rate, increased respiratory rate, and increased body temperature. Repeated inhalation often causes nostril and nasal membrane irritation.
Psychological effects of the use of cocaine include feelings of euphoria, illusions of increased physical and mental powers, illusions of increased sensory awareness, a decrease in the sense of hunger, a decrease in the sense of pain, and a decrease in the perceived need for sleep. Heavy use of cocaine may magnify the effects enumerated, and may also induce irrational behavior and confusion in the user.
Paranoia is not an uncommon effect among heavy users of cocaine, and psychosis may be induced by such use in individuals already susceptible to mental instability. Heavy cocaine use may also induce feelings of restlessness, irritability, and anxiety, and may cause the user to experience hallucinations.
Cocaine is a toxic substance. Thus, death by cocaine overdose is possible, though relatively rare.
The causes of the abuse of controlled substances have been classified into four principal categories of theories (Kaplan and Sadock, 1989, pp. 544547). These four categories of theories are
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Some common words found in the essay are:
HEROIN ADDICTION, Butts Chotlos, Behr Kosten, HEROIN Criminal, Sandahl Ronnberg, IMPLICATIONS CONCLUSIONS, Kaplan Sadock, Drug Abuse, Bassuk Gerson, EFFECTS HEROIN, methadone maintenance, heroin addiction, substance abuse, treatment heroin, relapse prevention, treatment heroin addiction, 1991 pp, 1992 pp, 1993 pp, chemical substance, 1981 pp, chemical substance abuse, methadone maintenance treatment, methadone maintenance combined, 1993 pp 19951996,
Approximate Word count = 7308
Approximate Pages = 29 (250 words per page)
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