vated to remain in treatment; also, these patients must not be ambivalent about abstinence as a treatment goal.
Methadone Maintenance. Many addicts avoid the addictive hunger for heroin by oral ingestion of the pharmacological agent, Methadone. According to Hall (1983), after months and sometimes years of methadone treatment, the addict can recover sufficiently so as to need no more pharmacological assistance in avoiding the craving for the drug.
In her discussion of the traditional methadone maintenance clinic, Zweben (1991) has noted that despite the fact that methadone maintenance leads to stabilization of many addicts, there are a number of factors that operate to limit the therapeutic effectiveness of the approach. These factors include:
(1) perceptions (on the part of both addicts and counselors) of the methadone user as "a loser;"
(2) poor public image of methadone maintenance treatment; (3) hostility and tension between methadone caregivers and caregivers associated with ot
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