curtailing the income of the custodial parent, typically the mother (Tomlinson-Keasey, 1985). In this regard, it is important to note that Hispanic families are often already low-income families (Nagy & Woods, 1992); therefore the debilitation of income could operate to make it difficult for these families to get even the basics such as food and clothing.
The foregoing findings are important because they contain an implication for the intellectual achievement of Hispanic children and whether or not they can be expected to experience more than normal maladjustment in this area. In this regard, Papalia and Olds (1992) have noted that often minority children do less well than Anglo children on measures of intelligence and/or intellectual achievement.
The authors explain that Hispanic children who do poorly on standard measures of school achievement and/or intelligence do so because of the effects of poverty such as poor nutrition or being reared in a home environment that does not have the financial ability
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