nic obstructive lung disease emphysema is common among older persons who have smoked, while it is rarely found among older non smokers (Koop, 1988, p. 1). Premature delivery, spontaneous abortion, and stillbirth risks are magnified for the pregnant woman who smokes, when compared to risks for non smoking pregnant women (Koop, 1988, p. 1).
Historically, in the United States, tobacco smoking has been a more serious problem in the past than it is today, because much of the glamor has been stripped from tobacco smoking, and anti smoking educational campaigns have been effective. The scope of the problem, however, remains wide. In 1965, 50.2 percent of males and 31.9 percent of females over the age of 18 years in the United States smoked tobacco products
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