Jawaharlal Nehru Introduction In thinking about

Jawaharlal Nehru spanned the decades during which India sought its independence and gained freedom after World War II. Born in 1889, Nehru actually died in office in May of 1964. He was the predominant political figure in India during the period between 1947 and 1964, shaping the modern Indian state as a federal, democratic, and secular state. As Paul (1995) noted, this is primarily Nehru's legacy, and despite threats since his death, it has not been altered by the strong forces impacting Indian politics.

Clearly the dominant figure in Nehru's life, and his political development, was that of Mahatma Gandhi. Nonetheless, there were other influences and these should be explored.

One of those influences was the British Empire itself. Nehru was actually a member of a family that was among the most Anglicized in all of India. They lived a life that was based on a British model, including education, language, and conduct of social life. The aim of the family was to become more and more civilized on the British model, not to retain, or regain, connection to the indigenous culture

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embly. The Congress party itself dominated the new Indian parliament. After independence, the country adopted the British model of parliamentary government, which meant that the Congress party was distinguished from the government, which had not previously been the case. Indeed, Nehru took back the presidency of Congress for a period of time, serving both as Prime Minister and as leader of the party (Hanson and Douglas, 1972). Contribution to Country Nehru's contribution to his own country began long before he gained political office. He was known as an important political leader within the Congress Party and his writings contributed to the growth of the movement. Nehru did shape the course of early Indian independence. As noted earlier, it was his influence that helped keep Indian membership in the British Commonwealth, even after all the years of conflict between India and the Empire. Certainly, Gandhi's influence was important here, and Nanda (1996) noted that Nehru viewed this as an ideal result from the pursuit of satyagraha and its nonviolent principles. Another important contribution of Nehru was the secularism that characterized the Indian nation. The two important influences of his life, Gandhi and the Bri
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