elites), and even though there exist theso called universal components of modern social change (indus trial technology, economic growth, mass production, and the capitalist production mode).
TRIBAL INFLUENCE ON MALAYSIAN POLITICAL
Dictates of kinship and communal interests resulted in the development of the tribe; possibly the earliest form of politi cal organization. In order for the tribe to be able to provide for the common defense of its members and in order for the tribe to insure inner tranquility, tribal rules and regula tions, most often in the form of customs, developed, which governed all activities of tribal members. One of the strong est political features of tribal organization was that members of a tribe were not permitted to form internal factions. The alliance which formed the tribes and, later, the clans devel oped a cohesive entity with a common purpose among its members.
Maintaining the strength of the tribe enabled individuals to feel a greater sense of security, which, in turn,
strengthened the loyalty of the individual to the tribe. The relatively small size of tribal organizations and the shared activities in which all members participated precluded, in most instances, the development of alienation between ordinary mem bers and leaders. Further, the very real and recognized inter dependence of all tribal members precluded, again in most instances, the development of untenable autocratic rule (Aljamal, 1960). Within a tribal structure, different members were responsible for differe
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