Male characters in 2 Novels
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Male characters in a number of modern novels face the need to prove their maleness in a world in which what maleness means is not always clear. In two novels by Vladimir Nabokov--Invitation to a Beheading and Despair--and one by Mikhail Bulgakov--The Master and Margarita--the male characters are artists in some degree, separate from the mass of men by their artistic sensibilities, and seeking to prove their worth through their art. In all three novels, reality is suspended as these characters interact with the world more directly in their own minds than in reality.In Nabokov's Invitation to a Beheading, the main character is a man sentenced to die. Cincinnatus C. is the perpetrator of some hideous crime. In truth, he lives in an imaginary land largely of his own making, and all the people in this land are reflections of himself in some manner. Indeed, Cincinnatus thus represents the artist who creates his own world, though he is not a good enough artist given that the world he creates is peopled with two-dimensional characters. He is the only truly three-dimensional human being in this world, and he is about to be destroyed by his own failure as an artist. In the story, his execution is pending from the first, and as the novel progresses, we draw closer and closer to his beheading. His mental state deteriorates as he nears that end, and so the world he has created for himself also degenerates, making things more and more absurd. All the characters created for his li
. . .
o fulfill the destiny he sees as his due.
Hermann feels despair because his wife has been unfaithful. Hermann is divided between the need to take action and his normal role as observer, the role of observer being the natural one for the artist until he begins to shape his own world in his art. In terms of his mental state, Hermann argues that he is both mad and sane at one and the same time, that this is possible because he is applying each to different issues. Hermann prefers reason in his reading and his understanding, but he may take action in the real world through madness. Hermann, like Cincinnatus, is both an actor in this world and a creator of another world, and the two are connected not just by him but by the fact that the story he is telling in his writing is the story of the crime he has committed in this world. The male artist once more has to shape his own actions and comment on himself and the world at the same time.
Throughout, Hermann has the consciousness of being both actor and writer, and he leads the reader along as if explaining characters and shaping the world rather than acting within it. he sees himself always as an observer even of his own actions:
I have grown much too used to an outside view o
. . .
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Approximate Word count = 2496
Approximate Pages = 10 (250 words per page)
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