r smokers three times higher than the comparable risk for a non smoker (Koop, 1988, p. 1). Approximately 85 percent of all lung cancers in the United States are caused by smoking tobacco; persons smoking two packs of cigarettes per day have a lung cancer rate 25 times that of the non smoker (Koop, 1988, p. 1). Cigarette smoking is the major cause of chronic obstructive lung disease emphysema is common among older persons who have smoked, while it is rarely found among older non smokers (Koop, 1988, p. 1). Premature delivery, spontaneous abortion, and stillbirth risks are magnified for the pregnant woman who smokes, when compared to risks for non smoking pregnant women (Koop, 1988, p. 1).
Historically, in the United States, tobacco smoking has been a more serious problem in the past than it is today, because much of the glamor has been stripped from tobacco smoking, and anti smoking educational campaigns have been effective. The scope of the problem, however, remains wide. In 1
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