because the environments in which people live change over time.
Models of political development are often functional in character. Stein Rokkan (1975) combined the models of Hirsch man and Parsons to develop an analytical matrix, in which the functional segments are characterized by: (1) periphery center balance (integration, distinctiveness, and over time system building); and (2) functions (force, culture, law, and econ omy).
Models of political development may also be process in character. The crises model is a process model, which includes development areas with which every political system must deal, and processes of development which must be addressed by every political system with respect to each of the development areas, or crises (Binder, Coleman, LaPalombara, Pye, Verba, and 3Weiner, 1974). The five development areas, or crises, defined in the model are (1) identity, (2) legitimacy, (3) participa tion, (4) distribution, and (5) penetration.
The processes of development, or components, which must be addressed within each of the crisis areas are (1) equality, (2) capacity, and (3) differentiation. Placed together, these five crises and three components form a development syndrome matrix, or model, which may be employed in the analysis and evaluation of the process of political development experienced by specific societies.
There exist interrelationships between each of the five crises and, within each of these crises, between each of the components of political development. The crisis model recogni zes five specific crises of political development, as follows:
1. The identity crisis refers to "the subjective, but not always emotional, basis for membership in a political com munity," where the problem of political identity might also be stated as "the tension between the culturally and psychologi cally determined sense of perso...