terest rate ceilings between commercial banks and thrifts resulted in a restructuring of the activities of the two insti tution types.
The outcomes of governmental actions are not always as anticipated. Certainly some of the outcomes of governmental deregulation in banking and finance were not anticipated. 40
The effects of deregulation in the banking and financial sector in the 1980s encompassed far more significant activities than a mere shifting of business between the players. Fail ures, and bank runs also surfaced subsequent to 1981, although regulatory revision could not be said to be the primary causal factor for all of these events.
Commercial bank failures in the mid to late 1980s were thehighest (well over 100 per year) for any period since the eco nomic depression of the 1930s. Even more worrying was the fact that the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) continued to rate more than 1,100 American banks as problem institution
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