tical savvy consisting of the characteristics of diplomacy, tact, and the ability to compromise with those holding differing opinions); (3) the ability to organize not only paperwork and responsibilities but also time and energy; (4) tolerance for ambiguous circumstances and situations; (5) social skills; (6) tolerance for delay of positive outcomes; and (7) minimal to no defensive response to negative feedback but rather, an ability to profit from the feedback despite its negativity.
Young and Gammell (1982) conducted a study of 53 community college presidents, all of whom had once been CSAOs. Of interest in the study was determining the educational backgrounds of CSAOs with the career strength to eventually become presidents of institutions of higher learning. The authors found that the vast majority of the sample (85%) held doctorates in education. Also, the authors reported a history of experience in education that averaged between 11 and 15 years.
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