Shipping Costs in Ocean Transport Industry

Operating costs represent a significant proportion of the total costs associated with an ocean shipping operation. Vessel operating costs, including fuel and depreciation may approximate 48.8 percent of total costs.

Operating costs tend to vary among vessel types, with the most significant variations between container vessels and bulk carriers. On average, operating costs for bulk carriers are halfagain as high as for container vessels.

Operating costs also vary according to the type of ocean shipping activity. For bulk dry cargo operations, operating costs account for approximately 73 percent of total costs. For combined dry and liquid bulk cargo operations, operating costs account for approximately twothirds of total costs. For cruise ship operations, operating costs account for approximately 51.6 percent of total costs. For integrated ocean shipping operations, operating costs account for approximately 64.3 percent of total costs. Within the fuel costs classification, subclassifications will cover the various types of fuel (oil, coal, and so forth) consumed in the operation of the various vessels in the f

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per horsepower per hour). Daily fuel consumption comparisons for ships powered by steam turbine engines and and ships powered by diesel engines are presented in Table 7. Table 6 Cost Comparison: Marine Diesel and Marine Bunker ================================================================= Year Cost Per Ton (US$)*  Marine Bunker Marine Diesel   1973 32.4 57.4 1974 76.6 111.5 1975 66.8 100.9 1976 70.8 100.9 1977 79.7 116.0 1978 79.4 122.5 1979 145.7 294.6 1980 181.1 303.9 1981 191.8 287.9 1982 174.1 279.4 1983 171.3 238.9 1984 169.9 235.6 1985 170.7 238.3 1986 167.3 234.1 1987 165.9 240.1 1988
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