). Prior to the creation of the EEC and EURATOM, the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) had been created by a treaty signed in Paris in 1951. The ECSC was comprised of the same six mem ber countries which formed the EEC and EURATOM, and became a functional reality on 10 August 1952.
Until 1 July 1967, each of the three communities the EEC, EURATOM, and ECSC functioned as separate entities, although there were some common institutions. On 1 July 1967, however, the executives of the three communities were merged into a sin gle commission, and the goals and objectives of the three com munities are pursued in a coordinated and cohesive manner.
The long term goals of the communities are (1) the inte gration of the economies of the member countries, and (2) 3
political unity. Pursuit of economic integration has been both more rapid and more successful than has the pursuit of politi cal unity, although economic integration has also been beset with significant problems. The specific objectives of the three communities are as follows:
1. EURATOM: (a) supplement and coordinate the nuclear research conducted by member countries; (b) pool scientific information; (c) promote the training of scientists and techni cians; and (d) the establishment of a common market for nuclear materials and equipment.
2. ECSC: (a) the establishment of a common market for coal and steel; and (b) the establishment of a common energy policy for member countries.
3. EEC: (a) the establishment of a customs union for member countries; (b) the establishment of an economic union, which includes (1) common transport policies, (2) common exter nal trade policies, (3) the prohibition of agreements or prac tices which restrict, prevent, or distort fair competition among member countries, and (4) the coordination of financial, commercial, economic, and social policies; and (c) the estab lishment of a common agricultural policy.
In 1970, memb...