This paper compares and contrasts three theoretical approaches to family therapy. The areas compared cover the major time frame from theory development to current practice, the role of the therapist, conceptual underpinnings, and treatment goals. The three approaches examined are: (1) Bowenian family systems theory; (2) Haley's Strategic Intervention approach; and (3) the Experiential/Humanistic approach. Each of these three approaches are first described. Descriptions are then followed by a delineation of both similarities and differences in approaches.
One approach to family therapy is the approach of Murray Bowen (1978). Conceptual underpinnings of Bowenian theory characterize families as either functional or dysfunctional with dysfunctional families viewed as trapped in repetitive and destructive interactions. As a result of this sort of interaction, Bowen's family systems theory holds that family members cannot free themselves of the dysfunctional rules and regulations that govern their relationships.
In their review of Bowenian theory, Goldenberg and Goldenberg (1985) state that the key treatment goal focuses upon enabling family members to each become their own persons rather than remaining entrapped in the dysfunctional group emotionality of the family system. The therapist's role in arriving at this goal is direct but non-confrontational communication with family members. He or she attempts maximization of self-differentiation for each family member by keeping the family focused primarily on their present interactions, although some attention is also paid to the family of origin.
In more current modifications of Bowen's approach to family therapy, the forces leading to family togetherness are concentrated upon more while the forces leading to individuation are downplayed (Nichols, 1993). Current well-known therapists using this approach include Philip Guerin, Elizabeth Carter, Monica McGoldrick, Thomas Fogart...