Ancient Egypt
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The history of ancient Egypt spans approximately 3000 years and encompasses 33 Dynasties. The chronology of ancient Egypt remains in dispute mainly because historians and archeologists cannot determine the exact starting date of the civilization “there is a margin of doubt of some 150 years as to when the first dynasty began. Exact dates are only available after the year 664 BCE, which was the date of the beginning of the 26th Dynasty” (Robertson 105). Most historians date the chronology of ancient Egypt from approximately 3100 BCE to 30 BCE, Egypt having been unified by the conquest of the north by the great king Menes. Despite the length of Egyptian civilization, most agree that its most glorious days were at an end by 1000 BCE. Until that time there were five main divisions in Egyptian civilization, three rich and productive and two fairly insignificant transitional periods. These are known as the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms which were divided by two other divisions known as the First and Second Intermediate Periods.During the Old Kingdom, the works of Egypt were attributable to the centralized, monarchical state. The state form was Egypt, where Menes ruled during his lifetime from the capital of the Old Kingdom, Memphis. During the Old Kingdom the center of the state would become Thebes, but during the Old Kingdom Egypt never achieved true urbanism even though Memphis and Thebes were great centers of re
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papyrus was not inexpensive, beginners used limestone and potsherds to practice. Corporal punishment was used for scribes who did not study diligently. While scribes did earn a good living in ancient Egypt, there was also a degree of learning for its own sake present among the profession “The theme is usually that the profession of scribe leads to a comfortable well-paid job; but some hint of pleasure of learning for its own sake is given in the injunction to ‘acquire this high calling of the scribe; pleasant and fruitful are your pen and papyrus roll, and happy are you the livelong day’” (Aldred 202).
There is also evidence, since a word exists for a female scribe in later Egyptian vocabulary, that girls were also trained as scribes. While we have only touched upon two of the most significant cultural achievements of ancient Egyptian civilization, there were others that need to be mentioned like the wheel, a knowledge of medicine including drugs and some that last to this day like castor oil.
PHAROAHS
There were many pharaohs, both male and female, throughout the history of ancient Egyptian civilization, most of them gaining power through hereditary lines. Of the numerous Egyptian pharaohs, some of the most important we
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Approximate Word count = 4878
Approximate Pages = 20 (250 words per page)
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