Sigmund Freud
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Freud’s theory of childhood development and later adult personality and function are rooted in his concept that development progresses from the unconscious, irrational, and pleasure-seeking self to the more conscious, rational and reality-seeking self. In comparison with contrasting views that neuroses later in life are not based solely on instinctual drives, Freud’s framework definitely rests solely on the instinctual and not the cultural or social influences of the individual. Freud saw human personality or the mind as being composed of three distinct but simultaneously acting and working dimensions: id; ego; superego. Freud’s theory postulates that the complex interrelationship between these three dimensions is what allows an individual to evolve from the pleasure-seeking, instinctual self (the id) to the reality-seeking, integrated self (the ego). As Freud (1998: 4) himself put this developmental process into a nut-shell, “Where id was, there ego shall be.”The id is the dimension of the personality that is purely, irrationally, instinctually driven. As Freud (1998: 2) labeled it, the id is “…a chaos, a cauldron of seething excitement.” The id has one purpose only-to give conscious expression to our instinctual need fulfillment. All humans instinctually crave food, shelter and warmth. These are instinctual needs arising solely from the fact that they allow one to survive but they also pleasure the individual who acquires t
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It is little wonder that the taxing demands on the ego often create a high degree of psychic stress and anxiety, “In this way, goaded on by the id, hemmed in by the super-ego, and rebuffed by reality, the ego struggles to cope with its economic task of reducing the forces and influences which work in it and upon it to some kind of harmony; and we may well understand how it is that we so often cannot repress the cry: ‘Life is not easy.’ When the ego is forced to acknowledge its weakness, it breaks out into anxiety: reality anxiety in face of the external world, normal anxiety in face of the super-ego, and neurotic anxiety in face of the strength of the passions of the id” (Freud, 1998: 4).
The ego can be strengthened via the individual developing a higher level of consciousness of the forces upon it from the id, super-ego and the external reality. Yet, this can only be done when the mental images of the impulses of the id are made conscious by the ego in order for the person to rationally control them. The ego also gains a broader perspective than the harsh demands of the super-ego, and is able to slowly supplant the instinctual desires of the id with behavior that is less demanding than the super-ego mandates but more in a
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Some common words found in the essay are:
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Approximate Word count = 2964
Approximate Pages = 12 (250 words per page)
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