ASPD

The APA Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 4th ed. (DSM-IV) is the authoritative text for providing diagnostic guidelines or operational criteria for personality disorders. Clinical syndromes are diagnosed along Axis I, while personality disorders are diagnosed on Axis II. When a disorder is diagnosed along Axis II it represents a condition that is continuous from late adolescence and does not relapse or remit like typical illness syndromes. Personality disorders are characteristic of long-standing, maladaptive traits of a person’s behavior that significantly affect personal and social functioning. The DSM-III-R categorized three main groups or clusters (A, B, and C) of personality disorders. Because dysfunctional personality disorders are hard to nea

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and do as they please, violating social norms and expectations without the slightest guilt or regret. Although their numbers are small-perhaps 1% of the population-psychopaths account for a large proportion of the serious crime, violence, and social distress in every society” (Hare, 1995: 1). CAUSES, INCIDENCE, RISK FACTORS The cause of ASPD is unknown, but there is evidence to suggest that factors other than the environment may play a role in the development of the personality suffering from it. There is evidence to suggest that biological or genetic factors may play a role in the disorder. Two of the biggest factors that serve as a basis for this belief are the fact that incidence is much higher in people who have a biological parent who exhibits ASPD, and, while the disorder is moderately common across the general population (2-3%), there is a much higher incidence in males than females for this particular personality disorder, “4% of adult males but only 1% of adult females exhibit ASPD” (Incidence, 1999: 1). There are many theories of ASPD formation that cut across a broad spectrum of learning, behavior, and personality formation theories. Family factors that seem to add to the development of the disorder includ
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Some common words found in the essay are:
PERSONALITY DISORDER, CONCLUSION Personality, PROGNOSIS COMPLICATIONS, Approach Freuds, Axis II, ASPD ASPD, Melnick Hutchings, Manic Episode, Cluster DSM-III-R, RISK FACTORS, personality disorder, antisocial personality, antisocial personality disorder, personality disorders, aspd individuals, social norms, play role, drug alcohol, conduct disorder, diagnostic criteria, personality personality, feb 20 1999, personality disorder diagnoses, biological parent exhibits, types – includes,
Approximate Word count = 2470
Approximate Pages = 10 (250 words per page)

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