Civil War
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A) The events strengthening the antislavery movement before the war were many and encompassed the political, economic and social spheres. Various political, economic and cultural variables prior to the Civil War effectively divided the American North from the South and led to increased hostilities. As a result of these contentious differences, the antislavery movement gained in size and momentum. While the South had been appeased to a degree on the issue through various government legislation (Dred-Scot, Kansas-Nebraska Act, Fugitive Slaw Laws, etc.), abolitionists like Lloyd Garrison, Harriet Beecher Stowe, and David Wilmot made their voices increasingly heard. Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin stands as a harsh moral indictment of the institution of slavery. Slaves were also responsible for increasing antislavery momentum in events like Nat Turner’s Rebellion, where rebellious slaves murder more than 50 white Southerners. Politically, territorial expansion exacerbated the conflict between antislavery advocates and proponents. Abraham Lincoln was adamantly opposed to extending slavery to the territories, an adamancy matched by Southerner Jefferson Davis’ determination to maintain the institution. Lincoln did not threaten to abolish slavery until after the Civil War had begun, but his views on territorial expansion frightened the South. Antislavery factions in the North in the form of abolitionists were responsible for in
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own party, members of Congress and abolitionists called for immediate emancipation. However, not all Southerners or Northerners were opposed to slavery and Lincoln “feared that emancipation might split the party and the sector” (Oakes 369). After a call for emancipation directly from Lincoln by Horace Greeley, editor of the New York Tribune, Lincoln basically replied that if emancipation were needed to save the Union, he would free the slaves. Lincoln did not free all the slaves. On January 1, 1863 he freed all slaves in rebellion states, exempting those under Union control. However, needing new recruits for the Army, he proclaimed full emancipation in June, 1864.
B) Lincoln and Davis both faced different challenges in prosecuting the Civil War. In the North, Lincoln faced a variety of interests and opposition. Slavery, states’ rights, expansion, the Constitution, Abolition, and a variety of others considerations created enormous pressure on Lincoln from various interests. Secession, nationalism and other core issues of American life and government were also influential factors Lincoln had to consider when making decisions. Lincoln’s difficulty in prosecuting the war had a lot to do with the large geographic size of th
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Approximate Word count = 5926
Approximate Pages = 24 (250 words per page)
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