Education
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The period from 1812 to 1865 is referred to as the Age of the Common Man for a variety of reasons. One of the chief reasons for this is the growing influence of nationalism, the industrial revolution, and Jacksonian democracy on American society. The social, political, and economic conditions of the time were rapidly changing as American society was becoming transformed by westward expansion, construction of railways, and increasing urbanism and industrialism. As capitalists needed more skilled labor for industry, as Jackson fought for equality of access for education, and as the education industry began to develop, the drive for public education mounted in American society during this era. As Goetz (1998) notes, “No reform movement except abolitionism absorbed the energies of so many Americans as the drive for public education, or created such bitter and widespread opposition” (12). Debates on education veered between the European hierarchy of education, modeled on aristocratic patterns of education, favored by Thomas Jefferson and the views of Andrew Jackson. Known as Jacksonian democracy, Jackson’s views on education were based more on equality and access for all. As Zimmerman (1997) notes, “Jackson’s beliefs about education differed from Jefferson’s in that Jackson...embraced equality of access to education. He viewed public education as a great leveler, which provided common bases for building a cohesive soci
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axes, these schools were also established in response to the needs of the American economy and business. The impact of the Industrial Revolution on American education cannot be ignored. The change from an agrarian to an industrial-based economy accompanied a “demand for a terminal secondary school to train boys for the work for which they were destined” (Pulliam et al., 1999, 94). Along with such changes came greater economic and political clout for the working classes. Still, many children began work at the age of eight years of age and were unable to attend school. Child labor laws, worker’s rights, and other modern concepts of society were spawned from such situations.
Some of our modern urban problems were spawned during this era as well. For instance, the explosive growth in many cities created vast slums of impoverished individuals. This in turn made public education matters all the more critical. Nationalization also had an impact on education. Nationalism pervaded the country after two wars with England. In an effort to promote unity, patriotism, and nationalism, many immigrants viewed public schools as a means of mainstreaming their children in American culture. Funding was always an aspect of American educati
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Approximate Word count = 1237
Approximate Pages = 5 (250 words per page)
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