Lebanon
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Lebanon conflict and nationalism cannot be discussed without including Syria and Israel. Lebanon is primarily composed of Christians and Muslims. A wide range of demographic and geographic realities exist within the nation, depending on which group or parties are involved. Adding to the internal strife between factions is the perception of Israel as the enemy and Syria as an ally. The Golan Heights is one geographic area of contention between Israel and Lebanon, as are the terrorist Hizbollahs whose forces are positioned in Lebanon and promote violence against Israel. The crux of the contention between Israel and Lebanon is the Lebanon-Israeli border, and Lebanon’s desire for complete withdrawal of Israeli influence in southern Lebanon. Israel desires the complete removal of Syrian armed forces from Lebanon. However, the matter is complex because not only are their internal warring factions, but Lebanon also must appease Israel and fight for its liberation from Syria to achieve true national liberation, “It is no longer purely a civil war among rival Lebanese factions, much less a religious war [between Christians and Muslims]. It is a war of national liberation against Syria, which directly and through its proxies now controls 70 percent of Lebanese territory” (The Real 1). For any real and lasting peace to come to the area, there will have to be dialogue and consensus between leaders of Lebanon, Israel, and Syria. This
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t construction attempted by Lebanon is complex and fraught with obstacles due to the social, cultural and historical facts of the region. Internally there are many sources of conflict. The social environment is deformed and polarized. For example, there are deeply divided multi-ethnic societies with major differences in religion, language, ethnicity, economics and ideology. One of the biggest causes of failure to secure a national identity and government in Lebanon is the flawed government system itself. There is a political gap between the needs of the populace and the ability of the government to sustain them. The post-independent government of Lebanon have been unable to fulfill the basic needs of its different ethnic communities, communities with great differences and needs among them. This failure can be contributed to the following reasons:
Inherited disjointed social systems—socio-economic and political—of ex-colonial powers.
Legacy of colonial policy of divide and rule: skewed economic development; and unjust treatment of some ethnic communities and preferential treatment given to others.
Structural socio-economic inequalities leading to victimization and the feeling of relative deprivation by some ethnic groups.
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Approximate Word count = 2440
Approximate Pages = 10 (250 words per page)
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