Social Science & Philosophy
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1) The Middle Ages was a period during which the first part was known as the Dark Ages because of a lack of culture and learning. Feudalism was the form of social and economic organization and this period was characterized by the “darkness” of irrationality and superstition. The learning that was available was through the monasteries and education and scholarship were dominated by the church. In contrast, the Age of Enlightenment represented the doctrines of some of the greatest social science and philosophy theorists in history, including Locke, Voltaire, and Kant. The Enlightenment thinkers views history as man’s progressive struggle to develop a rational society and culture. Leading doctrines of The Enlightenment included: reason is man’s main capacity and enables him to think and act correctly; man is by nature rational and good; individuals and humanity can evolve towards perfection; are men are equal with respect to rationality and deserve equality before the law and individual liberty; beliefs are valid based on reason and not church authority or sacred texts or tradition; non-rational aspects of humanity are devalued. While critics like Hegel and Nietzsche would argue against some of these doctrines, The Enlightenment was an extremely significant period of social science and philosophical doctrine that moved away from the superstition and irrationality of the Middle Ages.2) Hume believed that all knowledge was restric
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Approximate Word count = 1013
Approximate Pages = 4 (250 words per page)
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